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Syndermata

In this article, we will deeply explore the topic of Syndermata and analyze it from different perspectives. From its impact on society to its relevance in the professional field, Syndermata has captured the attention of experts and enthusiasts around the world. Throughout these pages, we will examine the origins of Syndermata, its evolution over time, and its influence on contemporary culture. Additionally, we will delve into the implications of Syndermata in various areas, such as technology, health, politics, and more. This article will undoubtedly be an invaluable resource for those seeking to better understand the phenomenon of Syndermata and its impact on the world today.

Syndermata
Rotifer
Acanthocephalan
Scientific classification Edit this classification
(disputed)
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Clade: Gnathifera
Clade: Syndermata
Zrzavý, 1998
Phyla

Syndermata is a clade of animals that, in some systems, is considered synonymous with Rotifera. Older systems separate Rotifera and Acanthocephala as different phyla, and group them both under Syndermata. This clade is placed in the Platyzoa.


Phylogeny

Phylogenetic analysis of the 18S ribosomal gene has revealed that the Acanthocephala, formerly considered a separate phylum are most closely related to the rotifers. They are possibly closer to the two rotifer classes Bdelloidea and Monogononta than to the other class, Seisonidea, producing the names and relationships shown in the cladogram below.[citation needed]


A study of the gene order in the mitochondria suggests that Seisonidea and Acanthocephala are sister clades and that the Bdelloidea are the sister clade to this group.

References

  1. ^ Ruppert, Edward E.; Fox, Richard S.; Barnes, Robert D. (2004), Invertebrate Zoology : a functional evolutionary approach (7th ed.), Belmont, CA: Thomson-Brooks/Cole, ISBN 978-0-03-025982-1, p. 788ff. – see particularly p. 804
  2. ^ Perrot-Minnot, Marie-Jeanne; Cozzarolo, Camille-Sophie; Amin, Omar; Barčák, Daniel; Bauer, Alexandre; Filipović Marijić, Vlatka; García-Varela, Martín; Servando Hernández-Orts, Jesús; Yen Le, T.T.; Nachev, Milen; Orosová, Martina; Rigaud, Thierry; Šariri, Sara; Wattier, Rémi; Reyda, Florian; Sures, Bernd (2023). "Hooking the scientific community on thorny-headed worms: interesting and exciting facts, knowledge gaps and perspectives for research directions on Acanthocephala". Parasite. 30: 23. doi:10.1051/parasite/2023026. PMC 10288976. PMID 37350678. Open access icon
  3. ^ "Syndermata". comenius.susqu.edu. Retrieved 2022-06-06.
  4. ^ Sielaff, M.; Schmidt, H.; Struck, T. H.; Rosenkranz, D.; Mark Welch, D. B.; Hankeln, T; Herlyn, H. (March 2016). "Phylogeny of Syndermata (syn. Rotifera): Mitochondrial gene order verifies epizoic Seisonidea as sister to endoparasitic Acanthocephala within monophyletic Hemirotifera". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 96: 79–92. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2015.11.017. PMID 26702959.


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